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    <title>UTas ePrints - Forest expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics</title>
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    <meta content="Bowman, David M.J.S." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Walsh, A." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Milne, D.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="David.Bowman@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="Forest expansion and grassland contraction within
a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at
Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="270000" name="eprints.subjects" />
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<meta content="Aerial photography,
Eucalyptus
savanna,
GIS, grassland, landscape change, monsoon
tropics, northern Australia, tropical forest, vegetation
dynamics." name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com
" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="1
Analysis of digitized aerial photographs taken
in 1941 and 1994, using image processing and geographical
information system technology, enabled
the quantification of change in the coverage of
forest and grassland patches that occur within
a
Eucalyptus
savanna matrix in a subcoastal
region of the Australian monsoon tropics. The
3058 ha study area was orientated along a low
escarpment that separated a sandstone plateau
from lowlands that comprised 58% and 42% of
the area, respectively.
2
In the 53-year period, humans modified less
than 1% of the study area, primarily for road
building, and primarily in savanna areas. More
than 85% of the study area at both sample times
was covered by savanna. However, over the same
period, the forest coverage increased from 5.03%
to 9.91% of the study area and coverage of grassland
decreased from 6.70% to 2.47%. The aerial
photography also showed that tree density in the
savanna had increased, although this was not
assessed quantitatively.
3
There was an increase in the number of forest
patches from 116 to 142. The number of grassland
patches decreased (particularly those > 1 ha) from
87 to 59, although the size class distribution of
forest and grassland patches was statistically similar
for both sample times.
4
A 50-m GIS buffer was used to distinguish
creek-lines environments from surrounding catchments.
Using this criterion, 14% of the study area
was classified as plateau creek-lines and 9% lowland
creek-lines. Although the expansion of forest
and loss of grassland varied significantly amongst
catchment and creek-lines on the plateau and
lowlands, the 1941 rank order of coverage of each
vegetation type was maintained in these four
landscape categories in 1994. In both years the
greatest extent of forest and grassland occurred on
the lowland catchments, despite their accounting
for only one-third of the study area.
5
Transition matrices for vegetation change
among the four landscape categories demonstrated
that, unlike the other vegetation types,
grasslands, particularly on the plateau, had a low
probability of remaining unchanged during the
study period.
6
The cause(s) of the overall increase of woody
biomass across the topographic and edaphic
gradient remains unclear but may be related to a
period of increased rainfall since the 1970s, as
well as to the cessation of Aboriginal landscape
burning at the beginning of the study period." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2001" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Global Ecology &amp; Biogeography" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="10" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="5" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="535-548" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0960-7447" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal." name="eprints.official_url" />
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Boutton, T.W., Archer, S.R. &amp; Midwood, A.J. (1999)
Stable isotopes in ecosystem science: structure,
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 13,
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&amp; Bol, R. (1998) d13C values of soil organic carbon
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<meta content="Bowman, David M.J.S. and Walsh, A. and Milne, D.J. (2001) Forest expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics. Global Ecology &amp; Biogeography, 10 (5). pp. 535-548. ISSN 0960-7447" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2425/1/Bowman_Walsh_Milne_-_Litchfield_aerial.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
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<meta content="Forest expansion and grassland contraction within
a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at
Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="Bowman, David M.J.S." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Walsh, A." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Milne, D.J." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270400 Botany" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="270000 Biological Sciences" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="1
Analysis of digitized aerial photographs taken
in 1941 and 1994, using image processing and geographical
information system technology, enabled
the quantification of change in the coverage of
forest and grassland patches that occur within
a
Eucalyptus
savanna matrix in a subcoastal
region of the Australian monsoon tropics. The
3058 ha study area was orientated along a low
escarpment that separated a sandstone plateau
from lowlands that comprised 58% and 42% of
the area, respectively.
2
In the 53-year period, humans modified less
than 1% of the study area, primarily for road
building, and primarily in savanna areas. More
than 85% of the study area at both sample times
was covered by savanna. However, over the same
period, the forest coverage increased from 5.03%
to 9.91% of the study area and coverage of grassland
decreased from 6.70% to 2.47%. The aerial
photography also showed that tree density in the
savanna had increased, although this was not
assessed quantitatively.
3
There was an increase in the number of forest
patches from 116 to 142. The number of grassland
patches decreased (particularly those > 1 ha) from
87 to 59, although the size class distribution of
forest and grassland patches was statistically similar
for both sample times.
4
A 50-m GIS buffer was used to distinguish
creek-lines environments from surrounding catchments.
Using this criterion, 14% of the study area
was classified as plateau creek-lines and 9% lowland
creek-lines. Although the expansion of forest
and loss of grassland varied significantly amongst
catchment and creek-lines on the plateau and
lowlands, the 1941 rank order of coverage of each
vegetation type was maintained in these four
landscape categories in 1994. In both years the
greatest extent of forest and grassland occurred on
the lowland catchments, despite their accounting
for only one-third of the study area.
5
Transition matrices for vegetation change
among the four landscape categories demonstrated
that, unlike the other vegetation types,
grasslands, particularly on the plateau, had a low
probability of remaining unchanged during the
study period.
6
The cause(s) of the overall increase of woody
biomass across the topographic and edaphic
gradient remains unclear but may be related to a
period of increased rainfall since the 1970s, as
well as to the cessation of Aboriginal landscape
burning at the beginning of the study period." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2001" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
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<meta content="Bowman, David M.J.S. and Walsh, A. and Milne, D.J. (2001) Forest expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics. Global Ecology &amp; Biogeography, 10 (5). pp. 535-548. ISSN 0960-7447" name="DC.identifier" />
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Forest expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Bowman, David M.J.S.</span> and <span class="person_name">Walsh, A.</span> and <span class="person_name">Milne, D.J.</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>Forest expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the Australian monsoon tropics.</xhtml:em> Global Ecology &amp; Biogeography, 10 (5). pp. 535-548. ISSN 0960-7447</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2425/1/Bowman_Walsh_Milne_-_Litchfield_aerial.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2425/1/Bowman_Walsh_Milne_-_Litchfield_aerial.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />451Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3132" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.">http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">1&#13;
Analysis of digitized aerial photographs taken&#13;
in 1941 and 1994, using image processing and geographical&#13;
information system technology, enabled&#13;
the quantification of change in the coverage of&#13;
forest and grassland patches that occur within&#13;
a&#13;
Eucalyptus&#13;
savanna matrix in a subcoastal&#13;
region of the Australian monsoon tropics. The&#13;
3058 ha study area was orientated along a low&#13;
escarpment that separated a sandstone plateau&#13;
from lowlands that comprised 58% and 42% of&#13;
the area, respectively.&#13;
2&#13;
In the 53-year period, humans modified less&#13;
than 1% of the study area, primarily for road&#13;
building, and primarily in savanna areas. More&#13;
than 85% of the study area at both sample times&#13;
was covered by savanna. However, over the same&#13;
period, the forest coverage increased from 5.03%&#13;
to 9.91% of the study area and coverage of grassland&#13;
decreased from 6.70% to 2.47%. The aerial&#13;
photography also showed that tree density in the&#13;
savanna had increased, although this was not&#13;
assessed quantitatively.&#13;
3&#13;
There was an increase in the number of forest&#13;
patches from 116 to 142. The number of grassland&#13;
patches decreased (particularly those &gt; 1 ha) from&#13;
87 to 59, although the size class distribution of&#13;
forest and grassland patches was statistically similar&#13;
for both sample times.&#13;
4&#13;
A 50-m GIS buffer was used to distinguish&#13;
creek-lines environments from surrounding catchments.&#13;
Using this criterion, 14% of the study area&#13;
was classified as plateau creek-lines and 9% lowland&#13;
creek-lines. Although the expansion of forest&#13;
and loss of grassland varied significantly amongst&#13;
catchment and creek-lines on the plateau and&#13;
lowlands, the 1941 rank order of coverage of each&#13;
vegetation type was maintained in these four&#13;
landscape categories in 1994. In both years the&#13;
greatest extent of forest and grassland occurred on&#13;
the lowland catchments, despite their accounting&#13;
for only one-third of the study area.&#13;
5&#13;
Transition matrices for vegetation change&#13;
among the four landscape categories demonstrated&#13;
that, unlike the other vegetation types,&#13;
grasslands, particularly on the plateau, had a low&#13;
probability of remaining unchanged during the&#13;
study period.&#13;
6&#13;
The cause(s) of the overall increase of woody&#13;
biomass across the topographic and edaphic&#13;
gradient remains unclear but may be related to a&#13;
period of increased rainfall since the 1970s, as&#13;
well as to the cessation of Aboriginal landscape&#13;
burning at the beginning of the study period.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com&#13;
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Aerial photography,&#13;
Eucalyptus&#13;
savanna,&#13;
GIS, grassland, landscape change, monsoon&#13;
tropics, northern Australia, tropical forest, vegetation&#13;
dynamics.</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270400.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270400 Botany</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270000.html">270000 Biological Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2425</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Nov 2007 09:41</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2425;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2425">item control page</a></p>
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